Vascular calcification isamain causeof increased cardiovascularmorbidity andmortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.\nThis study aimed to investigate the role of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in the early development\nof vascular calcification in CKD. A CKD vascular calcification rat model was established by providing rats with a 1.8% highphosphorus\ndiet and an intragastric administration of 2.5% adenine suspension.The kidney and aortic pathologies were analyzed.\nBlood biochemical indicators, serum BMP-2 and BMP-4 levels, and aortic calcium content were determined.The expression levels\nof BMP-2, BMP-4, bonemorphogenetic protein receptor-IA (BMPR-IA), andmatrix Gla protein (MGP) in aorta were examined by\nquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the normal control (Nor) rats, the\nCKD rats exhibited a significantly decreased body weight and an increased kidney weight as well as abnormal renal function and\ncalcium-phosphorus metabolism. Aortic von Kossa and Alizarin red staining showed massive granular deposition and formation\nof calcified nodules in aorta at 8 weeks. The aortic calcium content was significantly increased, which was positively correlated with\nthe serum BMP-2 (
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